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IB Physics · IB Maths AA · IB Maths AI

Latest lesson: October 15, 2026

Independent vs mutually exclusive events: Venn diagram exam question

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  • IB Physics

    How to find friction on a slope at constant speed

    Friction on the slab is 12 kN and the coefficient of friction is 0.61. The whole question turns on three words in the first sentence, at constant speed, which mean every force has to cancel against another one.

  • IB Physics

    How to find specific latent heat from a heating graph

    The specific latent heat of fusion comes out at 3.4 × 10⁵ J/kg, the data booklet value for ice. The sloping minute gives the heater power (0.20 × 2100 × 20 = 8400 J in 60 s, so 140 W), the flat 8 minutes give the melting energy (140 × 480 = 6.72 × 10⁴ J), and you divide by 0.20 kg.

  • IB Maths AA

    Independent vs mutually exclusive events: Venn diagram exam question

    P(A ∩ B) = 0.21 and P(A′ | B′) = 0.7. From the Venn diagram P(A) = 0.09 + x and P(B) = 0.49 + x; independence gives x = (0.09 + x)(0.49 + x), a quadratic with discriminant zero, so x = 0.21. Independent does not mean mutually exclusive: setting x = 0 contradicts itself.

  • IB Maths AA

    L'Hopital's rule step by step: limit of arcsin(3x)/tan(5x) as x→0

    The limit is 3/5. Substituting x = 0 gives 0/0, so L'Hopital's rule applies: differentiate the top and the bottom separately (not as a quotient), 3/√(1 − 9x²) over 5sec²(5x), then let x → 0. The graph of the ratio already points at 0.6 before you differentiate anything.

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